Python 全栈 + 自动化 + 双数据库

🎸 Django 全函数详解

1. Model 层核心函数

2. View 层核心装饰器与类

# FBV 常用装饰器
@login_required          # 登录验证
@require_POST            # 限制请求方法
@csrf_exempt             # 豁免CSRF(API用)
@cache_page(60*15)       # 视图缓存15分钟
@permission_required('app.change_model')  # 权限检查

# CBV 核心Mixin
class ArticleListView(LoginRequiredMixin, ListView):
    model = Article
    template_name = 'articles/list.html'
    paginate_by = 20
    ordering = ['-created_at']
    
    def get_queryset(self):
        return super().get_queryset().select_related('author')

3. DRF 序列化器核心

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    author_name = serializers.CharField(source='author.username', read_only=True)
    tags = serializers.StringRelatedField(many=True)
    
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = ['id', 'title', 'content', 'author_name', 'tags', 'created_at']
        extra_kwargs = {'content': {'write_only': True}}
    
    def validate_title(self, value):
        if len(value) < 5:
            raise serializers.ValidationError("标题至少5个字符")
        return value

4. Django 双数据库路由配置

# settings.py
DATABASES = {
    'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', ... },
    'mongodb': { 'ENGINE': 'djongo', 'NAME': 'mydb', ... }  # 或用PyMongo直连
}
DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['myproject.routers.MultiDBRouter']

# routers.py
class MultiDBRouter:
    route_app_labels = {'analytics': 'mongodb'}
    
    def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
        if model._meta.app_label in self.route_app_labels:
            return 'mongodb'
        return 'default'
    
    db_for_write = db_for_read  # 简化示例